This document discusses the potential financial mechanisms and models that can be applied to overcome these barriers, e.g. debt and equity mechanisms and the use of new contractual models. It also discusses how to integrate socio-economic benefits in the project preparation process to estimate the value of the benefits to society that cannot be recovered by the project. This allows estimating a justified and reasonable level of public subsidies required to implement a project which would be not bankable otherwise.
This handbook is aimed at decision makers in European local authorities searching for new ways to work towards achieving low energy cities. It is intended to give inspiration and practical advice to elected political leaders as well as civil servants to run their own energy transition process at the local level.
This publication invites you to discover the multiple facets of a collaborative city from A-Z, based on our over 25 years’experience of what works well in Europe.The list is, of course, not exhaustive as the beauty of energy transition is the wide and unlimited field of possibilities that it opens up! What it is proposing however is a change of perspective. As the energy landscape is undergoing radical change, from a once hierarchical and monopolistic system to a more distributed and decentralised one, so too should the decision-making architecture. Indeed, a new system cannot be designed using outdated models: in writing a new chapter of our history, we must also empower its new stakeholders. We, the local and regional actors, are these new players, through the role we play in mobilizing civil society and SMEs, tapping into the large array of dispersed renewable or locally recovered energy sources and increasing energy savings and efficiency through ambitious building, urban planning and mobility strategies. This publication complements Energy Cities’ “30 proposals for the energy transition of cities” with its many case studies.
This paper seeks to strengthen understanding of the processes that govern the selection and preparation of construction projects for public investment - the first two stages presented in figure 1. It also explores how additional opportunities for corruption arise and projects fail to meet their objectives when the initial selection and preparation process is compromised. The paper argues that the two most harmful forms of corruption identified by Kenny (2006, 2009a) are linked: skewed incentives that lead to the selection of poor projects at the project appraisal and budgeting stage can have a major impact on the subsequent stages of project implementation and, ultimately, on the value of the project.
In this issue paper we consider the reasons that may lead governments to adopt anti-corruption-related ICT innovations, and we look at the evidence on how the uptake and use of these ICTs may affect their impacts. In doing so, we draw upon literature from a range of fields, including open government, anti-corruption, e-government, and technology for transparency, and speculate based on our own observations of the open government field over the last five years. To ground our argument, we offer a range of illustrative case studies that show some of the different kinds of ICT interventions with which governments are engaged.
